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''Per minas'', in British common law, to engage in behavior "by means of menaces or threats".〔(Clickdocs web site )〕 The term comes from Latin.〔(List of Latin legal phrases ).〕 ''Per minas'' has been used as a defense of duress to certain crimes, as affecting the element of ''mens rea''.〔(Duress ''per minas'' as a defense (sic.) to crime ), from ''Law and Philosophy'', 185-195 (August 1982).〕〔(JSTO site ), from ''A Consideration of What Amounts to Duress Per Minas at Law'', in the American Law Register, Vol. 23, No. 4, (April 1875), pp. 201-207.〕 William Blackstone, the often-cited judge and legal scholar, addressed the use of "duress ''per minas''" under the category of self-defense as a means of securing the "right of personal security", that is, the right of self-defense.〔(), citing Blackstone, (I)(2) (1765).〕 The classic case involves a person who is blackmailed into robbing a bank. In contract law, Blackstone used ''per minas'' to describe the defense of duress, as affecting the element of contract intent, mutual assent, or meeting of the minds.〔(Law-dictionary-com ), citing I Blackstone's Commentaries 131.〕〔(Online Law dictionary ), citing Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856).〕 ==See also== *Assault *Coercion *Contract law *Criminal law *Duress *Intimidation *Intrinsic fraud *Fraud *Scienter *Self-defense 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Per minas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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